Carrying Coal

Several years ago my sister surprised me with tapes by Michelle Shocked that rapidly became favorites thanks to their bluegrass melodies and the story-like quality of her songs. But, her lyrics about coal cars on the L & N railroad haunt me in a way I struggled to understand for a long time:

“I was born and raised at the mouth of the Hazard holler,
Where the coal cars rolled and rumbled past my door.
But now they stand in a rusty row, all empty,
Because the L & N don’t stop here anymore.”

My family comes from coal country. My father’s father spent his life as a brakeman for the Louisville & Nashville Railroad, carrying coal from the mines to the mills and factories of the South. Coal built the railroads and brought jobs, schools, churches, business, wealth, alcohol, crime, poverty, and illness to the small towns through which it passed.

As a child, I could point out the sites of strip mines from the car window. Seams of coal, glossy sides shining in the sun, lay exposed in hillsides and I was fascinated to find the odd lump of coal lying in the parking lot. I was forbidden to pick it up, dirty, nasty, priceless coal.

Mom was born in a coal mine camp in Tennessee where her father ran the mine commissary. He died of alcoholism when she was 8 and my grandmother moved her children into her family home in Kentucky and found work with the railroads arranging shipments of coal.

My great uncle was the assistant postmaster and was legendary in the area. Folks far back in the mountains and the mine camps knew he could be counted on to make deliveries from town when he brought their mail. Local doctors kept his garage stocked with sample medicines and my uncle distributed them to families who had no way into town and no means to buy the medications they needed. They would send whatever they could back with him as barter, determined to pay their own way for their illness if not for their health.

We visited the town where my mother was born only once with my great uncle. I have a picture of it in my imagination – two dusty dirt roads, company-owned homes set back in the trees, the company commissary that my grandfather ran, and, off to the left, a dark yawning hole – the entrance to the mine itself. But, I never seem to picture the freight cars or the railroad in a tiny mountain clearing that was too small to have paved streets.

I knew the railroads carried my father and his brothers away to war, delivered my great aunts to New York City for vacations, and brought my mother, sister, and me into the mountains from our home in Atlanta on summer breaks. And, although it began its journey in camps too small to command passenger trains to stop, coal was always the railroads’ most important paying customer.

The families of miners heated their homes with coal, as did my mother’s family and all the others who lived in the valley. My sister or I would come down with respiratory problems early in our visits to Kentucky and we would quickly resemble the runny-nosed children we saw on the streets of town. My great uncle would lead us to his garage, unlock the door and pull it open to display shelves and shelves of cold remedies, cough syrups, and allergy medications. Mom would locate the products we normally took, the door would be relocked, and we would go on with our visit, somewhat drowsier but less congested. We never really questioned why this lovely valley triggered our respiratory problems with such regularity.

Although we moved to Atlanta well before my mother was 30, her life has been plagued with allergies, asthma, and respiratory infections. Last year, she began to have chronic bouts of bronchitis at age 78. When I accompanied her to the pulmonologist for her initial visit, I was stunned to hear him read in medical records provided by her family doctor that she had COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. The specialist asked her only two questions about her personal history and the first was answered simply with a “No”:
1. Have you ever smoked?
2. Have you ever lived in a house that was heated by coal?

She did, of course. She was born by coal, fed by coal, warmed by coal, clothed by coal, and educated by coal. Somehow, its black dust has stayed with her, hidden in places where we could not see it or sense its effects. And, after all these years, it demands a price for its travels with her and the life it brought to the mountains and valleys of the southern Appalachians.

And now I know the words of the song are wrong – the coal cars have never been empty. They brought the very air that my mother would breathe from deep within the mines themselves. Now I sense the railroad is moving toward her, snaking its way toward a landscape we cannot anticipate, coal smoke blowing through its open cars, stopping to collect the riders who must pay its fare.

My mother will take passage. She was marked with coal for the journey long ago.